ACE inhibitors / ARBs / RAAS inhibitors
Management of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors depends on the indication and surgical risk. For selected patients taking RAAS inhibitors for hypertension with controlled blood pressure who are undergoing elevated-risk non-cardiac surgery, omission about 24 h before surgery may reduce intraoperative hypotension. In patients taking RAAS inhibitors for HFrEF, perioperative continuation is reasonable.